TCP/IP, DNS, HTTP/HTTPS, ye protocol kesa kaam karta ha

TCP/IP wo protocol hai jo internet par data transfer karne ke liye use hota hai. Is protocol ka kaam yeh hota hai ke data packets ko source se destination tak safely pohchaaye.

• TCP (Transmission Control Protocol):

  • TCP ek reliable protocol hai jo data ko chote chote packets me todta hai aur unhe destination tak bejh kar ensure karta hai ke sabhi packets sahi sequence me pahunche.
  • Agar koi packet kho jaye ya corrupt ho jaye, TCP us packet ko wapis se bejhta hai.

  Example: Jab aap koi website kholte ho, website ke saare images, text, CSS, etc. ko TCP packets ke form me server se aapke browser tak bejha jata hai.

• IP (Internet Protocol):

  • IP ka kaam yeh hota hai ke har device ko ek unique address (IP address) de. IP address ke through data packets apne correct destination tak pahunchte hain.
  • Yeh protocol data ko ek network se doosre network tak route karta hai.

  Example: Har website ya device ka ek unique IP address hota hai, jaise "192.168.0.1". Jab aap website ko access karte ho, IP is address ko identify karta hai aur data ko sahi jagah pehchata hai.

2. DNS (Domain Name System)

DNS ka kaam yeh hota hai ke domain names (jaise www.google.com) ko IP addresses (jaise 172.217.164.110) me convert kare. Human beings ko domain names yaad rakhna aasaan hota hai, magar computers IP addresses se communicate karte hain.

• Jab aap kisi website ka naam type karte ho, toh browser DNS server ko request karta hai ke is naam ke corresponding IP address kya hai.
• DNS server IP address return karta hai aur browser us address par data request karta hai.

Example: Jab aap apne browser me "www.google.com" type karte ho, DNS server "www.google.com" ko IP address (jaise "142.250.72.142") me convert karta hai aur aapki request ko Google ke server tak pahunchaata hai.

3. HTTP/HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol / Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)

HTTP aur HTTPS wo protocols hain jo web browsers aur web servers ke beech data transfer ke liye use hote hain.

• HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol):

  • Yeh ek unencrypted protocol hai jo web browser aur web server ke beech plain text me data transfer karta hai.
  • HTTP kaafi simple hai aur sirf request-response mechanism pe kaam karta hai, matlab browser request bhejta hai aur server response karta hai.

  Example: Jab aap kisi website ka URL type karte ho, HTTP use hota hai request server tak pohchane ke liye aur webpage ko load karne ke liye.

• HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure):

  • Yeh HTTP ka secure version hai, jo data ko encryption ke through secure banata hai. Yeh encryption SSL/TLS protocols ka use karke hoti hai.
  • HTTPS ensure karta hai ke client aur server ke beech data ko koi middleman ya hacker tamper ya read na kar sake.

  Example: Jab aap online banking ya shopping websites access karte ho, toh HTTPS ensure karta hai ke aapke sensitive data (passwords, credit card details, etc.) encrypted rahein.

Summary:

• TCP/IP: Data ko network ke beech todta, route karta aur bejhta hai.
• DNS: Domain names ko IP addresses me translate karta hai.
• HTTP/HTTPS: Web browser aur web server ke beech data transfer karta hai, jisme HTTPS encrypted aur secure communication provide karta hai.

Ye sab protocols milkar internet ke functions ko sahi tarike se operate karte hain.