SSL/TLS Protocols Kaise Kaam Karte Hain. SSL/TLS Protocols kya hai

1. SSL (Secure Sockets Layer)

• SSL pehle develop kiya gaya protocol hai jo web browsers aur servers ke beech secure communication establish karta hai.
• SSL ka kaam yeh hota hai ke jab aap kisi website ko HTTPS ke zariye access karte ho, toh browser aur server ke beech ek secure connection banaya jaaye. Iss secure connection ke through aapka data encrypt hota hai, aur kisi hacker ke liye us data ko read karna mushkil ho jata hai.

Example: Jab aap apni online banking website par login karte ho, SSL ensure karta hai ke aapke login credentials (username, password) encrypted rahein aur unhe koi middleman na chura sake.

2. TLS (Transport Layer Security)

• TLS SSL ka updated aur more secure version hai. SSL me kuch security vulnerabilities thi, jo TLS me fix ki gayi hain.
• TLS bhi wahi kaam karta hai, lekin zyadha secure aur efficient tariqe se. Yeh protocol client (browser) aur server ke beech handshake karta hai, jisme dono ek dosre ko authenticate karte hain aur ek shared encryption key generate karte hain. Us key ke zariye jo bhi data transfer hota hai, woh encrypt aur secure hota hai.

Example: Jab aap shopping karte waqt credit card details bharte ho, TLS use hota hai taake aapka sensitive financial data secure rahe.

SSL/TLS Protocols Kaise Kaam Karte Hain?

1. Handshake Process:

   • Jab aap ek website par jaate ho jisme HTTPS enabled hai, SSL/TLS ka handshake process start hota hai.
   • Client (browser) server ko request karta hai ke ek secure connection establish kare. Server apna digital certificate bhejta hai taake client verify kar sake ke server legitimate hai.
   • Browser server ke certificate ko check karta hai. Agar certificate trusted Certificate Authority (CA) se signed hota hai, toh browser server ke sath connection banaata hai.

2. Encryption:

   • Handshake ke baad, browser aur server ek encryption key exchange karte hain. Iss key ke zariye, dono ke beech jo bhi data exchange hota hai, woh encrypted hota hai.
   • Agar koi attacker is encrypted data ko intercept bhi kare, toh woh usse decode nahi kar paayega kyunki unke paas encryption key nahi hogi.

3. Data Integrity:

   • SSL/TLS ensure karta hai ke data ko transfer ke dauran koi change nahi kare sakta. Iska matlab yeh hai ke data ko tamper-proof banaya jata hai.

4. Authentication:

   • SSL/TLS client aur server dono ko authenticate karta hai taake dono sure ho sakein ke woh sahi parties ke sath communicate kar rahe hain.

TLS Versions:

• TLS 1.0: Pehla version jo 1999 me release kiya gaya tha.
• TLS 1.2: Sabse widely used version, jo online transactions aur secure communications ke liye trusted hai.
• TLS 1.3: Latest version jo 2018 me release kiya gaya, aur ab aur bhi secure aur fast hai.

Summary:

• SSL aur TLS protocols ko aapki web communication ko encrypt karne ke liye use kiya jata hai.
• TLS zyada secure aur modern version hai SSL ka, aur zyada tar websites ab TLS ka use karti hain.
• Jab aap kisi secure website ko access karte ho, SSL/TLS ensure karta hai ke aapka data (passwords, financial information, etc.) encrypted aur safe rahe.

Aajkal, zyadatar websites TLS use karti hain, lekin log aksar SSL ko bhi use karte hain kyunki dono similar kaam karte hain.